فصلنامه تحقیقات مدلسازی اقتصادی
سال پنجم شماره 19 (بهار 1394)

Compared to private firms، public companies generally have excess labor force. During the privatization process and conversion of a public enterpriseto a private enterprise، new employers tend to adjust their labor force in order to reduce ongoing costsand improve the company''s economic goals. In order to persuade the employees to accept voluntary retirement and leave the firm، these firmsmay offer a reward to the employees that are eligible for optional retirement but are not eligible to mandatory retirement. Employees tend to receive the highest possible premium and in contrast the firm is willing to pay employees the minimum possible premium. In this paper، we consider the options facing employer and employee through dynamic games with complete information. Games between employee and employer was shown in the form of an extensive game. Minimum premium required to accept the optional retirement was calculated using subgame perfect equilibrium (SPE) and the effect of ceiling premium has been studied on minimum premium. The calculations show that the reductions in mandatory retirement age، the retirement benefits from social security organizations، expected interest rate and the maximum years of service and an increase in employee''s age and her years of service lead to a reduction in the minimum premium required to accept the optional retirement. Moreover، due to lower mandatory retirement age for women than men in many countries، women accept optional retirement with lower premium. The proposed ceiling premium will also cause to refuseoptional retirement from the part of the workers with high salary، young and lownumber of years of service.

Hybrid sticky price model is one of the main models، used to analyze the Persistencyand inertia in inflation. In recent years، Mankiw and Reis (2002)، s sticky information model، has also been considered by many economic analysts. So، in present paper، we try to investigate and compare these models by using a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) framework، based on new Keynesian structure. For this purpose، the data 1370:1-1391:4 Iran''s economy has been used. The results of the estimated coefficient of inflation inertia indicate، inflation inertia in the model of hybrid price stickiness is more than information stickiness model. Inflation Persistency analysis is based on comparing the autocorrelation function of the original data and simulated data، show that hybrid price stickiness is better thaninformation stickiness model shows inflation persistence. It seems to be a hybrid price stickiness model more consistent with the economy of Iran and economic policy makers can be more confident of the results of this model to use them.

Social and economic impact of change in the subsidies payment policy have been concern in past recent years. In this paper، a Computable General Equilibrium model is used to analyze the impact of change in subsidies payment system from indirect to direct state، on the price and quantity variables of domestic production and employment level economic sectors in two scenarios. The basic data are used in the framework of SAM year 2001. CGE model establishes the relations between accounts of SAM into a set of simultaneous nonlinear equations، by using the modern general equilibrium theory. In first scenario، indirect subsidy of manufacturing and services sectors is remove and its full payment in cash to the urban and rural households. In second scenarios، indirect subsidy of manufacturing and services sectors is remove and its direct payment to the proportions of 50. 30 and 20 percent to the households، economic sectors and Government respectively. The results show that by change in subsidy payment، composition of production and employment in economic sectors are change. The greatest decrease in domestic production and employment level and also the highest increase in the prices level is observed in the transport products. The mining sector is only sector that is face with positive production growth rate in both scenarios، and for most sector، a decline is forecast. But GDP level is face with decline to equal 2. 78 percent respectively in first scenario and 3. 05 percent in second scenario. In the end، with comparing two scenarios show that more the direct subsidies paid to households increase، more the domestic production of some sector growth.

This paper seeks to investigate and analyze the money demand function and its Engle curve in Iran. Money demand function and its Engle curve have been estimated through EASI demand system by making use of monthly data 1995:04-2007:03. The investigation of money demand function shows that monetary elements are weak substitutions of each other. Thus، some policy recommendation is provided on the basis of estimated elasticity (Income، Price، cross Price، and Morishima). Moreover، the investigation of Engle curve reflects that by the increase of income، first، individuals extract their money from demand deposit. Secondly، investment in timed deposits increases and thirdly، no change is observed in the amount of money being held as currency and travel checks.

The main objective ofthisstudy is to evaluatethe effect offirm size، beta، financial leverageon the performance offirms listed inTehran Stock Exchangeinfourbasic metals، petrochemicals، cementandmedicine industries. The44companiesintheperiod 2007 to 2012 have beenselected as sample in theTehran Stock Exchange. Todo study،the relationshipbetween the variables، usingthesoftwareEviews 8assessmenttest. Toestimate themodel، theF testLimerto select the bestmodel is used thecombined data. The results of this research indicate a significant and negative relationship between financial leverage on corporate performance in the industries of basic metals، petrochemical، cement، pharmaceuticals. The relationship between beta and corporate performance in Basic metalsandpetrochemicalindustries is positive and significantandnot significantinthe cement industryand medicine. The relationship betweenfirm size and corporate performancein thebasic metals، petrochemicaland pharmaceuticalindustries is positive and significant and cement industry is negativeand significant. Keywords: size. Beta، financial leverage، firm performance

In many Developing Countries liberalization of international trade has been accompanied by demand for skilled labour and inequalityof wages. Thisphenomenon seems to be inconsistant with the Stopler- Samuelson Theorem. Studies in this respect show that imported high –tech capital andintermediate goods are skill-based، thus increasing the relative demand for skilled labour. In such circumstances، identifying the impact of such goods upon the demand for skilled labour in Iran is of great importance. In this paper، by using Translog cost function and the Method of Seemingly Unrelated Regression، short and long run demand function for the period of 1977- 2014 in Iran has been estimated. Althoug the short and long –run results arecompatible with the theortical expections، the investment on domestic research and development regarding the employment of skilled labour has been effective only in the long-run and not the short –run.

Extension informal and unorganized money and credit markets in Iran، is much broader than the official money markets. This problem causes a large difference between formal and informal money market loans interest rate in Iran. The large size of the informal market liquidity that can’t be guided by the monetary policies of central bank''s and fiscal policies could help to increase the inflation rate in the country. In this paper، we use the AHP method for to explore this topic that fits with the existing monetary and financial institutions، which sector is more appropriate for investment and targeted liquidity existing in society، in order to reduce inflation and stimulate growth in the industry. The results revealed the stock exchange is the best financial and investments institutions in order to reduce the inflation that caused by the high liquidity of the present.

In recent years، regarding the export of Food & Beverage is important. in Iran and the economic researchers have been noted it. The main objective of this paper is to examine the impact of market concentration as a structural variable، advertising and R&D expenditures as behavioral variables and investment productivity on the Iranian food exports as a performance variable. For this purpose، the data for Iranian food firms has been extracted from the Statistical Center of Iran over the period of 2000-2007. Moreover، the empirical model of this study has been estimated by the Static Panel Data approach (SPD). The empirical results indicate that the market concentration، advertising and R&D intensity and investment productivity have positive and significant effects on the Iranian food exports and the impact of researching intensity (as measured by the ratio of research & development expenditures on sale) is more than other explanatory variables. Therefore، the market conduct is one of the main determinants of Iranian food exports. Also، due to the direct impact of R & D spending effect on exports، we can say that if managers and policy makers increasing the research and development activity in Iranian food industry sector can promote non-oil exports، especially exports of food products in Iran. Moreover، Facilitate and encourage producers to participate in exhibitions and international markets sales increased exports of goods and services can help.